rirtracker

RIPE NCC daily reports · ← 2025-06-19 · 2025-06-21 →

RIPE NCC: changes on 2025-06-20

Source

The RIPE NCC publishes no daily list of changes. These come from its transfer log and from comparing its daily statistics:

Before
2025-06-19
After
2025-06-20

Counts

Deregistered
21
Registered
9
Transfer log
8
Confirmed
8
Strong inference
30
Observed only
0
Conflicting
0

What happened

Removed
21
Apparent reissuance
9
Intra-RIPE NCC transfer
8

In the transfer log (8)

2025-06-20 RIPE NCC AS209710 Transfer log Intra-RIPE NCC transfer Confirmed
Transfer log
Transfer: KIM SEYOUNG (RIPE NCC) to SNRD NETWORKS LIMITED (RIPE NCC)
From
KIM SEYOUNG RIPE NCC
To
SNRD NETWORKS LIMITED RIPE NCC
Inventory
No effect on RIPE NCC applicant inventory

The RIPE NCC's transfer log records a transfer from KIM SEYOUNG (RIPE NCC) to SNRD NETWORKS LIMITED (RIPE NCC) on 2025-06-20 19:00 UTC. The registration changed hands; it is not a new allocation from the RIPE NCC.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Transfer log Transfer log: RESOURCE_TRANSFER on 2025-06-20 19:00 UTC, KIM SEYOUNG (RIPE NCC) to SNRD NETWORKS LIMITED (RIPE NCC); resources moved: AS209710 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-19 (produced 2025-06-19T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: allocated (dated 2025-05-13) source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-20 (produced 2025-06-20T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: allocated (dated 2025-05-13) source · retrieved
2025-06-20 RIPE NCC AS34910 Transfer log Intra-RIPE NCC transfer Confirmed
Transfer log
Transfer: JSC Freight One (RIPE NCC) to i7 LLC (RIPE NCC)
From
JSC Freight One RIPE NCC
To
i7 LLC RIPE NCC
Inventory
No effect on RIPE NCC applicant inventory

The RIPE NCC's transfer log records a transfer from JSC Freight One (RIPE NCC) to i7 LLC (RIPE NCC) on 2025-06-20 19:00 UTC. The registration changed hands; it is not a new allocation from the RIPE NCC.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Transfer log Transfer log: RESOURCE_TRANSFER on 2025-06-20 19:00 UTC, JSC Freight One (RIPE NCC) to i7 LLC (RIPE NCC); resources moved: AS34910 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-19 (produced 2025-06-19T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: allocated (dated 2019-07-19) source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-20 (produced 2025-06-20T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: reserved source · retrieved
2025-06-20 RIPE NCC 185.49.68.0/22 Transfer log Intra-RIPE NCC transfer Confirmed
Transfer log
Transfer: NSOMNIA CLOUDS LIMITED (RIPE NCC) to Volha Khimiankova (RIPE NCC)
From
NSOMNIA CLOUDS LIMITED RIPE NCC
To
Volha Khimiankova RIPE NCC
Inventory
No effect on RIPE NCC applicant inventory

The RIPE NCC's transfer log records a transfer from NSOMNIA CLOUDS LIMITED (RIPE NCC) to Volha Khimiankova (RIPE NCC) on 2025-06-20 19:00 UTC. The registration changed hands; it is not a new allocation from the RIPE NCC.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Transfer log Transfer log: RESOURCE_TRANSFER on 2025-06-20 19:00 UTC, NSOMNIA CLOUDS LIMITED (RIPE NCC) to Volha Khimiankova (RIPE NCC); resources moved: 185.49.68.0/22 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-19 (produced 2025-06-19T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: allocated (dated 2014-02-28) source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-20 (produced 2025-06-20T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: allocated (dated 2014-02-28) source · retrieved
2025-06-20 RIPE NCC 45.151.188.0/22 Transfer log Intra-RIPE NCC transfer Confirmed
Transfer log
Transfer: MINDBAZ SAS (RIPE NCC) to France Travail EPA (RIPE NCC)
From
MINDBAZ SAS RIPE NCC
To
France Travail EPA RIPE NCC
Inventory
No effect on RIPE NCC applicant inventory

The RIPE NCC's transfer log records a transfer from MINDBAZ SAS (RIPE NCC) to France Travail EPA (RIPE NCC) on 2025-06-20 19:00 UTC. The registration changed hands; it is not a new allocation from the RIPE NCC.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Transfer log Transfer log: RESOURCE_TRANSFER on 2025-06-20 19:00 UTC, MINDBAZ SAS (RIPE NCC) to France Travail EPA (RIPE NCC); resources moved: 45.151.188.0/22 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-19 (produced 2025-06-19T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: allocated (dated 2019-09-10) source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-20 (produced 2025-06-20T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: allocated (dated 2019-09-10) source · retrieved
2025-06-20 RIPE NCC 5.181.16.0/24 Transfer log Intra-RIPE NCC transfer Confirmed
Transfer log
Transfer: TEKNOBIL TELEKOM INTERNET BILISIM VE ILETISIM HIZMETLERI Ltd. Sti. (RIPE NCC) to NETMAX TELEKOMUNIKASYON ILETISIM HIZMETLERI TICARET LIMITED SIRKETI (RIPE NCC)
From
TEKNOBIL TELEKOM INTERNET BILISIM VE ILETISIM HIZMETLERI Ltd. Sti. RIPE NCC
To
NETMAX TELEKOMUNIKASYON ILETISIM HIZMETLERI TICARET LIMITED SIRKETI RIPE NCC
Inventory
No effect on RIPE NCC applicant inventory

The RIPE NCC's transfer log records a transfer from TEKNOBIL TELEKOM INTERNET BILISIM VE ILETISIM HIZMETLERI Ltd. Sti. (RIPE NCC) to NETMAX TELEKOMUNIKASYON ILETISIM HIZMETLERI TICARET LIMITED SIRKETI (RIPE NCC) on 2025-06-20 19:00 UTC. The registration changed hands; it is not a new allocation from the RIPE NCC.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Transfer log Transfer log: RESOURCE_TRANSFER on 2025-06-20 19:00 UTC, TEKNOBIL TELEKOM INTERNET BILISIM VE ILETISIM HIZMETLERI Ltd. Sti. (RIPE NCC) to NETMAX TELEKOMUNIKASYON ILETISIM HIZMETLERI TICARET LIMITED SIRKETI (RIPE NCC); resources moved: 5.181.16.0/24 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-19 (produced 2025-06-19T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: allocated (dated 2019-04-01) source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-20 (produced 2025-06-20T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: allocated (dated 2019-04-01) source · retrieved
2025-06-20 RIPE NCC 194.88.202.0/24 Transfer log Intra-RIPE NCC transfer Confirmed
Transfer log
Transfer: Dynamic Connection SRL (RIPE NCC) to National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan (RIPE NCC)
From
Dynamic Connection SRL RIPE NCC
To
National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan RIPE NCC
Inventory
No effect on RIPE NCC applicant inventory

The RIPE NCC's transfer log records a transfer from Dynamic Connection SRL (RIPE NCC) to National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan (RIPE NCC) on 2025-06-20 19:00 UTC. The registration changed hands; it is not a new allocation from the RIPE NCC.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Transfer log Transfer log: RESOURCE_TRANSFER on 2025-06-20 19:00 UTC, Dynamic Connection SRL (RIPE NCC) to National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan (RIPE NCC); resources moved: 194.88.202.0/24 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-19 (produced 2025-06-19T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: assigned (dated 2005-08-24) source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-20 (produced 2025-06-20T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: assigned (dated 2005-08-24) source · retrieved
2025-06-20 RIPE NCC 195.238.230.0/24 Transfer log Intra-RIPE NCC transfer Confirmed
Transfer log
Transfer: JSC Freight One (RIPE NCC) to i7 LLC (RIPE NCC)
From
JSC Freight One RIPE NCC
To
i7 LLC RIPE NCC
Inventory
No effect on RIPE NCC applicant inventory

The RIPE NCC's transfer log records a transfer from JSC Freight One (RIPE NCC) to i7 LLC (RIPE NCC) on 2025-06-20 19:00 UTC. The registration changed hands; it is not a new allocation from the RIPE NCC.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Transfer log Transfer log: RESOURCE_TRANSFER on 2025-06-20 19:00 UTC, JSC Freight One (RIPE NCC) to i7 LLC (RIPE NCC); resources moved: 195.238.230.0/24 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-19 (produced 2025-06-19T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: assigned (dated 2005-03-04) source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-20 (produced 2025-06-20T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: assigned (dated 2005-03-04) source · retrieved
2025-06-20 RIPE NCC 2001:678:ac0::/48 Transfer log Intra-RIPE NCC transfer Confirmed
Transfer log
Transfer: JSC Freight One (RIPE NCC) to i7 LLC (RIPE NCC)
From
JSC Freight One RIPE NCC
To
i7 LLC RIPE NCC
Inventory
No effect on RIPE NCC applicant inventory

The RIPE NCC's transfer log records a transfer from JSC Freight One (RIPE NCC) to i7 LLC (RIPE NCC) on 2025-06-20 19:00 UTC. The registration changed hands; it is not a new allocation from the RIPE NCC.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Transfer log Transfer log: RESOURCE_TRANSFER on 2025-06-20 19:00 UTC, JSC Freight One (RIPE NCC) to i7 LLC (RIPE NCC); resources moved: 2001:678:ac0::/48 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-19 (produced 2025-06-19T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: assigned (dated 2019-07-19) source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-20 (produced 2025-06-20T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: assigned (dated 2019-07-19) source · retrieved

Found in the RIPE NCC's statistics (30)

2025-06-20 RIPE NCC AS38933 − Deregistered Removed (return, revocation or reclamation not publicly distinguishable) Strong inference
Statistics
AS38933 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20
Inventory
Possible future reissue candidate after hold
Hold estimate
Estimated hold end 2025-12-17. Possible reissue candidate after this date; not confirmed available.

Removed from active registration. The tracker found it by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it allocated (dated 2018-11-09) on 2025-06-19 and reserved on 2025-06-20. Public sources do not distinguish a voluntary return, revocation, or reclamation. The RIPE NCC holds returned, revoked and reclaimed ASNs for 180 days (six months), or longer while still routed, before reissuing them, so the estimated hold end is 2025-12-17. This does not confirm availability.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: AS38933 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-19 (produced 2025-06-19T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: allocated (dated 2018-11-09) source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-20 (produced 2025-06-20T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: reserved source · retrieved
2025-06-20 RIPE NCC AS47260 − Deregistered Removed (return, revocation or reclamation not publicly distinguishable) Strong inference
Statistics
AS47260 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20
Inventory
Possible future reissue candidate after hold
Hold estimate
Estimated hold end 2025-12-17. Possible reissue candidate after this date; not confirmed available.

Removed from active registration. The tracker found it by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it allocated (dated 2018-07-19) on 2025-06-19 and reserved on 2025-06-20. Public sources do not distinguish a voluntary return, revocation, or reclamation. The RIPE NCC holds returned, revoked and reclaimed ASNs for 180 days (six months), or longer while still routed, before reissuing them, so the estimated hold end is 2025-12-17. This does not confirm availability.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: AS47260 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-19 (produced 2025-06-19T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: allocated (dated 2018-07-19) source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-20 (produced 2025-06-20T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: reserved source · retrieved
2025-06-20 RIPE NCC AS57565 − Deregistered Removed (return, revocation or reclamation not publicly distinguishable) Strong inference
Statistics
AS57565 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20
Inventory
Possible future reissue candidate after hold
Hold estimate
Estimated hold end 2025-12-17. Possible reissue candidate after this date; not confirmed available.

Removed from active registration. The tracker found it by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it allocated (dated 2023-09-25) on 2025-06-19 and reserved on 2025-06-20. Public sources do not distinguish a voluntary return, revocation, or reclamation. The RIPE NCC holds returned, revoked and reclaimed ASNs for 180 days (six months), or longer while still routed, before reissuing them, so the estimated hold end is 2025-12-17. This does not confirm availability.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: AS57565 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-19 (produced 2025-06-19T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: allocated (dated 2023-09-25) source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-20 (produced 2025-06-20T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: reserved source · retrieved
2025-06-20 RIPE NCC AS200203 − Deregistered Removed (return, revocation or reclamation not publicly distinguishable) Strong inference
Statistics
AS200203 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20
Inventory
Possible future reissue candidate after hold
Hold estimate
Estimated hold end 2025-12-17. Possible reissue candidate after this date; not confirmed available.

Removed from active registration. The tracker found it by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it allocated (dated 2023-01-19) on 2025-06-19 and reserved on 2025-06-20. Public sources do not distinguish a voluntary return, revocation, or reclamation. The RIPE NCC holds returned, revoked and reclaimed ASNs for 180 days (six months), or longer while still routed, before reissuing them, so the estimated hold end is 2025-12-17. This does not confirm availability.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: AS200203 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-19 (produced 2025-06-19T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: allocated (dated 2023-01-19) source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-20 (produced 2025-06-20T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: reserved source · retrieved
2025-06-20 RIPE NCC AS204729 − Deregistered Removed (return, revocation or reclamation not publicly distinguishable) Strong inference
Statistics
AS204729 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20
Inventory
Possible future reissue candidate after hold
Hold estimate
Estimated hold end 2025-12-17. Possible reissue candidate after this date; not confirmed available.

Removed from active registration. The tracker found it by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it allocated (dated 2023-07-31) on 2025-06-19 and reserved on 2025-06-20. Public sources do not distinguish a voluntary return, revocation, or reclamation. The RIPE NCC holds returned, revoked and reclaimed ASNs for 180 days (six months), or longer while still routed, before reissuing them, so the estimated hold end is 2025-12-17. This does not confirm availability.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: AS204729 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-19 (produced 2025-06-19T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: allocated (dated 2023-07-31) source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-20 (produced 2025-06-20T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: reserved source · retrieved
2025-06-20 RIPE NCC AS213831 − Deregistered Removed (return, revocation or reclamation not publicly distinguishable) Strong inference
Statistics
AS213831 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20
Inventory
Possible future reissue candidate after hold
Hold estimate
Estimated hold end 2025-12-17. Possible reissue candidate after this date; not confirmed available.

Removed from active registration. The tracker found it by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it allocated (dated 2024-11-20) on 2025-06-19 and reserved on 2025-06-20. Public sources do not distinguish a voluntary return, revocation, or reclamation. The RIPE NCC holds returned, revoked and reclaimed ASNs for 180 days (six months), or longer while still routed, before reissuing them, so the estimated hold end is 2025-12-17. This does not confirm availability.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: AS213831 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-19 (produced 2025-06-19T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: allocated (dated 2024-11-20) source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-20 (produced 2025-06-20T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: reserved source · retrieved
2025-06-20 RIPE NCC AS214141 − Deregistered Removed (return, revocation or reclamation not publicly distinguishable) Strong inference
Statistics
AS214141 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20
Inventory
Possible future reissue candidate after hold
Hold estimate
Estimated hold end 2025-12-17. Possible reissue candidate after this date; not confirmed available.

Removed from active registration. The tracker found it by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it allocated (dated 2024-09-25) on 2025-06-19 and reserved on 2025-06-20. Public sources do not distinguish a voluntary return, revocation, or reclamation. The RIPE NCC holds returned, revoked and reclaimed ASNs for 180 days (six months), or longer while still routed, before reissuing them, so the estimated hold end is 2025-12-17. This does not confirm availability.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: AS214141 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-19 (produced 2025-06-19T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: allocated (dated 2024-09-25) source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-20 (produced 2025-06-20T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: reserved source · retrieved
2025-06-20 RIPE NCC AS215684 − Deregistered Removed (return, revocation or reclamation not publicly distinguishable) Strong inference
Statistics
AS215684 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20
Inventory
Possible future reissue candidate after hold
Hold estimate
Estimated hold end 2025-12-17. Possible reissue candidate after this date; not confirmed available.

Removed from active registration. The tracker found it by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it allocated (dated 2024-01-22) on 2025-06-19 and reserved on 2025-06-20. Public sources do not distinguish a voluntary return, revocation, or reclamation. The RIPE NCC holds returned, revoked and reclaimed ASNs for 180 days (six months), or longer while still routed, before reissuing them, so the estimated hold end is 2025-12-17. This does not confirm availability.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: AS215684 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-19 (produced 2025-06-19T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: allocated (dated 2024-01-22) source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-20 (produced 2025-06-20T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: reserved source · retrieved
2025-06-20 RIPE NCC 109.70.72.0/24 − Deregistered Removed (return, revocation or reclamation not publicly distinguishable) Strong inference
Statistics
109.70.72.0/24 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20
Inventory
Possible future reissue candidate after hold
Hold estimate
Estimated hold end 2025-12-17. Possible reissue candidate after this date; not confirmed available.

Removed from active registration. The tracker found it by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it allocated (dated 2025-01-22) on 2025-06-19 and reserved on 2025-06-20. Public sources do not distinguish a voluntary return, revocation, or reclamation. The RIPE NCC holds returned, revoked and reclaimed IPv4 space for 180 days (six months), or longer while still routed, before reissuing it, so the estimated hold end is 2025-12-17. This does not confirm availability.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: 109.70.72.0/24 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-19 (produced 2025-06-19T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: allocated (dated 2025-01-22) source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-20 (produced 2025-06-20T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: reserved source · retrieved
2025-06-20 RIPE NCC 109.71.156.0/22 − Deregistered Removed (return, revocation or reclamation not publicly distinguishable) Strong inference
Statistics
109.71.156.0/22 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20
Inventory
Possible future reissue candidate after hold
Hold estimate
Estimated hold end 2025-12-17. Possible reissue candidate after this date; not confirmed available.

Removed from active registration. The tracker found it by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it allocated (dated 2018-06-29) on 2025-06-19 and reserved on 2025-06-20. Public sources do not distinguish a voluntary return, revocation, or reclamation. The RIPE NCC holds returned, revoked and reclaimed IPv4 space for 180 days (six months), or longer while still routed, before reissuing it, so the estimated hold end is 2025-12-17. This does not confirm availability.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: 109.71.156.0/22 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-19 (produced 2025-06-19T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: allocated (dated 2018-06-29) source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-20 (produced 2025-06-20T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: reserved source · retrieved
2025-06-20 RIPE NCC 2001:3ac0::/29 − Deregistered Removed (return, revocation or reclamation not publicly distinguishable) Strong inference
Statistics
2001:3ac0::/29 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20
Inventory
Possible future reissue candidate after hold
Hold estimate
Estimated hold end 2025-12-17. Possible reissue candidate after this date; not confirmed available.

Removed from active registration. The tracker found it by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it allocated (dated 2024-09-19) on 2025-06-19 and reserved on 2025-06-20. Public sources do not distinguish a voluntary return, revocation, or reclamation. The RIPE NCC holds returned, revoked and reclaimed IPv6 space for 180 days (six months), or longer while still routed, before reissuing it, so the estimated hold end is 2025-12-17. This does not confirm availability.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: 2001:3ac0::/29 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-19 (produced 2025-06-19T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: allocated (dated 2024-09-19) source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-20 (produced 2025-06-20T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: reserved source · retrieved
2025-06-20 RIPE NCC 2a03:99c0::/32 − Deregistered Removed (return, revocation or reclamation not publicly distinguishable) Strong inference
Statistics
2a03:99c0::/32 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20
Inventory
Possible future reissue candidate after hold
Hold estimate
Estimated hold end 2025-12-17. Possible reissue candidate after this date; not confirmed available.

Removed from active registration. The tracker found it by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it allocated (dated 2012-12-12) on 2025-06-19 and reserved on 2025-06-20. Public sources do not distinguish a voluntary return, revocation, or reclamation. The RIPE NCC holds returned, revoked and reclaimed IPv6 space for 180 days (six months), or longer while still routed, before reissuing it, so the estimated hold end is 2025-12-17. This does not confirm availability.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: 2a03:99c0::/32 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-19 (produced 2025-06-19T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: allocated (dated 2012-12-12) source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-20 (produced 2025-06-20T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: reserved source · retrieved
2025-06-20 RIPE NCC 2a05:25c0::/29 − Deregistered Removed (return, revocation or reclamation not publicly distinguishable) Strong inference
Statistics
2a05:25c0::/29 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20
Inventory
Possible future reissue candidate after hold
Hold estimate
Estimated hold end 2025-12-17. Possible reissue candidate after this date; not confirmed available.

Removed from active registration. The tracker found it by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it allocated (dated 2024-01-22) on 2025-06-19 and reserved on 2025-06-20. Public sources do not distinguish a voluntary return, revocation, or reclamation. The RIPE NCC holds returned, revoked and reclaimed IPv6 space for 180 days (six months), or longer while still routed, before reissuing it, so the estimated hold end is 2025-12-17. This does not confirm availability.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: 2a05:25c0::/29 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-19 (produced 2025-06-19T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: allocated (dated 2024-01-22) source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-20 (produced 2025-06-20T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: reserved source · retrieved
2025-06-20 RIPE NCC 2a09:7600::/29 − Deregistered Removed (return, revocation or reclamation not publicly distinguishable) Strong inference
Statistics
2a09:7600::/29 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20
Inventory
Possible future reissue candidate after hold
Hold estimate
Estimated hold end 2025-12-17. Possible reissue candidate after this date; not confirmed available.

Removed from active registration. The tracker found it by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it allocated (dated 2018-11-09) on 2025-06-19 and reserved on 2025-06-20. Public sources do not distinguish a voluntary return, revocation, or reclamation. The RIPE NCC holds returned, revoked and reclaimed IPv6 space for 180 days (six months), or longer while still routed, before reissuing it, so the estimated hold end is 2025-12-17. This does not confirm availability.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: 2a09:7600::/29 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-19 (produced 2025-06-19T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: allocated (dated 2018-11-09) source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-20 (produced 2025-06-20T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: reserved source · retrieved
2025-06-20 RIPE NCC 2a0f:100::/29 − Deregistered Removed (return, revocation or reclamation not publicly distinguishable) Strong inference
Statistics
2a0f:100::/29 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20
Inventory
Possible future reissue candidate after hold
Hold estimate
Estimated hold end 2025-12-17. Possible reissue candidate after this date; not confirmed available.

Removed from active registration. The tracker found it by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it allocated (dated 2019-09-09) on 2025-06-19 and reserved on 2025-06-20. Public sources do not distinguish a voluntary return, revocation, or reclamation. The RIPE NCC holds returned, revoked and reclaimed IPv6 space for 180 days (six months), or longer while still routed, before reissuing it, so the estimated hold end is 2025-12-17. This does not confirm availability.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: 2a0f:100::/29 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-19 (produced 2025-06-19T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: allocated (dated 2019-09-09) source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-20 (produced 2025-06-20T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: reserved source · retrieved
2025-06-20 RIPE NCC 2a0f:9140::/29 − Deregistered Removed (return, revocation or reclamation not publicly distinguishable) Strong inference
Statistics
2a0f:9140::/29 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20
Inventory
Possible future reissue candidate after hold
Hold estimate
Estimated hold end 2025-12-17. Possible reissue candidate after this date; not confirmed available.

Removed from active registration. The tracker found it by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it allocated (dated 2023-05-19) on 2025-06-19 and reserved on 2025-06-20. Public sources do not distinguish a voluntary return, revocation, or reclamation. The RIPE NCC holds returned, revoked and reclaimed IPv6 space for 180 days (six months), or longer while still routed, before reissuing it, so the estimated hold end is 2025-12-17. This does not confirm availability.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: 2a0f:9140::/29 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-19 (produced 2025-06-19T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: allocated (dated 2023-05-19) source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-20 (produced 2025-06-20T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: reserved source · retrieved
2025-06-20 RIPE NCC 2a13:9f40::/29 − Deregistered Removed (return, revocation or reclamation not publicly distinguishable) Strong inference
Statistics
2a13:9f40::/29 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20
Inventory
Possible future reissue candidate after hold
Hold estimate
Estimated hold end 2025-12-17. Possible reissue candidate after this date; not confirmed available.

Removed from active registration. The tracker found it by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it allocated (dated 2023-08-01) on 2025-06-19 and reserved on 2025-06-20. Public sources do not distinguish a voluntary return, revocation, or reclamation. The RIPE NCC holds returned, revoked and reclaimed IPv6 space for 180 days (six months), or longer while still routed, before reissuing it, so the estimated hold end is 2025-12-17. This does not confirm availability.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: 2a13:9f40::/29 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-19 (produced 2025-06-19T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: allocated (dated 2023-08-01) source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-20 (produced 2025-06-20T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: reserved source · retrieved
2025-06-20 RIPE NCC 2a13:d800::/32 − Deregistered Removed (return, revocation or reclamation not publicly distinguishable) Strong inference
Statistics
2a13:d800::/32 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20
Inventory
Possible future reissue candidate after hold
Hold estimate
Estimated hold end 2025-12-17. Possible reissue candidate after this date; not confirmed available.

Removed from active registration. The tracker found it by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it allocated (dated 2023-01-19) on 2025-06-19 and reserved on 2025-06-20. Public sources do not distinguish a voluntary return, revocation, or reclamation. The RIPE NCC holds returned, revoked and reclaimed IPv6 space for 180 days (six months), or longer while still routed, before reissuing it, so the estimated hold end is 2025-12-17. This does not confirm availability.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: 2a13:d800::/32 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-19 (produced 2025-06-19T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: allocated (dated 2023-01-19) source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-20 (produced 2025-06-20T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: reserved source · retrieved
2025-06-20 RIPE NCC 2a13:ee40::/29 − Deregistered Removed (return, revocation or reclamation not publicly distinguishable) Strong inference
Statistics
2a13:ee40::/29 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20
Inventory
Possible future reissue candidate after hold
Hold estimate
Estimated hold end 2025-12-17. Possible reissue candidate after this date; not confirmed available.

Removed from active registration. The tracker found it by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it allocated (dated 2023-09-25) on 2025-06-19 and reserved on 2025-06-20. Public sources do not distinguish a voluntary return, revocation, or reclamation. The RIPE NCC holds returned, revoked and reclaimed IPv6 space for 180 days (six months), or longer while still routed, before reissuing it, so the estimated hold end is 2025-12-17. This does not confirm availability.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: 2a13:ee40::/29 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-19 (produced 2025-06-19T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: allocated (dated 2023-09-25) source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-20 (produced 2025-06-20T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: reserved source · retrieved
2025-06-20 RIPE NCC 2a14:4e00::/32 − Deregistered Removed (return, revocation or reclamation not publicly distinguishable) Strong inference
Statistics
2a14:4e00::/32 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20
Inventory
Possible future reissue candidate after hold
Hold estimate
Estimated hold end 2025-12-17. Possible reissue candidate after this date; not confirmed available.

Removed from active registration. The tracker found it by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it allocated (dated 2023-10-31) on 2025-06-19 and reserved on 2025-06-20. Public sources do not distinguish a voluntary return, revocation, or reclamation. The RIPE NCC holds returned, revoked and reclaimed IPv6 space for 180 days (six months), or longer while still routed, before reissuing it, so the estimated hold end is 2025-12-17. This does not confirm availability.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: 2a14:4e00::/32 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-19 (produced 2025-06-19T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: allocated (dated 2023-10-31) source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-20 (produced 2025-06-20T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: reserved source · retrieved
2025-06-20 RIPE NCC 2a14:8000::/32 − Deregistered Removed (return, revocation or reclamation not publicly distinguishable) Strong inference
Statistics
2a14:8000::/32 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20
Inventory
Possible future reissue candidate after hold
Hold estimate
Estimated hold end 2025-12-17. Possible reissue candidate after this date; not confirmed available.

Removed from active registration. The tracker found it by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it allocated (dated 2024-11-20) on 2025-06-19 and reserved on 2025-06-20. Public sources do not distinguish a voluntary return, revocation, or reclamation. The RIPE NCC holds returned, revoked and reclaimed IPv6 space for 180 days (six months), or longer while still routed, before reissuing it, so the estimated hold end is 2025-12-17. This does not confirm availability.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: 2a14:8000::/32 allocated on 2025-06-19, reserved on 2025-06-20 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-19 (produced 2025-06-19T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: allocated (dated 2024-11-20) source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-20 (produced 2025-06-20T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: reserved source · retrieved
2025-06-20 RIPE NCC AS209552 + Registered Apparent reissuance of previously removed resource Strong inference
Statistics
AS209552 available on 2025-06-19, allocated on 2025-06-20
Inventory
Likely issued from RIPE NCC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it available on 2025-06-19 and allocated (dated 2025-06-20) on 2025-06-20. The tracker saw this range released from hold on 2025-06-14 (AS209552), so it appears to have been issued again from the RIPE NCC's pool.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: AS209552 available on 2025-06-19, allocated on 2025-06-20 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-19 (produced 2025-06-19T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: available source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-20 (produced 2025-06-20T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: allocated (dated 2025-06-20) source · retrieved
2025-06-20 RIPE NCC AS209619 + Registered Apparent reissuance of previously removed resource Strong inference
Statistics
AS209619 available on 2025-06-19, allocated on 2025-06-20
Inventory
Likely issued from RIPE NCC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it available on 2025-06-19 and allocated (dated 2025-06-20) on 2025-06-20. The tracker saw this range released from hold on 2025-06-15 (AS209619), so it appears to have been issued again from the RIPE NCC's pool.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: AS209619 available on 2025-06-19, allocated on 2025-06-20 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-19 (produced 2025-06-19T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: available source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-20 (produced 2025-06-20T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: allocated (dated 2025-06-20) source · retrieved
2025-06-20 RIPE NCC AS211130 + Registered Apparent reissuance of previously removed resource Strong inference
Statistics
AS211130 available on 2025-06-19, allocated on 2025-06-20
Inventory
Likely issued from RIPE NCC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it available on 2025-06-19 and allocated (dated 2025-06-20) on 2025-06-20. The tracker saw this range released from hold on 2025-06-15 (AS211130), so it appears to have been issued again from the RIPE NCC's pool.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: AS211130 available on 2025-06-19, allocated on 2025-06-20 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-19 (produced 2025-06-19T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: available source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-20 (produced 2025-06-20T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: allocated (dated 2025-06-20) source · retrieved
2025-06-20 RIPE NCC AS211852 + Registered Apparent reissuance of previously removed resource Strong inference
Statistics
AS211852 available on 2025-06-19, allocated on 2025-06-20
Inventory
Likely issued from RIPE NCC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it available on 2025-06-19 and allocated (dated 2025-06-20) on 2025-06-20. The tracker saw this range released from hold on 2025-06-16 (AS211852), so it appears to have been issued again from the RIPE NCC's pool.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: AS211852 available on 2025-06-19, allocated on 2025-06-20 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-19 (produced 2025-06-19T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: available source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-20 (produced 2025-06-20T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: allocated (dated 2025-06-20) source · retrieved
2025-06-20 RIPE NCC AS212243 + Registered Apparent reissuance of previously removed resource Strong inference
Statistics
AS212243 available on 2025-06-19, allocated on 2025-06-20
Inventory
Likely issued from RIPE NCC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it available on 2025-06-19 and allocated (dated 2025-06-20) on 2025-06-20. The tracker saw this range released from hold on 2025-06-18 (AS212243), so it appears to have been issued again from the RIPE NCC's pool.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: AS212243 available on 2025-06-19, allocated on 2025-06-20 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-19 (produced 2025-06-19T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: available source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-20 (produced 2025-06-20T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: allocated (dated 2025-06-20) source · retrieved
2025-06-20 RIPE NCC AS212259 + Registered Apparent reissuance of previously removed resource Strong inference
Statistics
AS212259 available on 2025-06-19, allocated on 2025-06-20
Inventory
Likely issued from RIPE NCC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it available on 2025-06-19 and allocated (dated 2025-06-20) on 2025-06-20. The tracker saw this range released from hold on 2025-06-16 (AS212259), so it appears to have been issued again from the RIPE NCC's pool.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: AS212259 available on 2025-06-19, allocated on 2025-06-20 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-19 (produced 2025-06-19T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: available source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-20 (produced 2025-06-20T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: allocated (dated 2025-06-20) source · retrieved
2025-06-20 RIPE NCC AS212347 + Registered Apparent reissuance of previously removed resource Strong inference
Statistics
AS212347 available on 2025-06-19, allocated on 2025-06-20
Inventory
Likely issued from RIPE NCC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it available on 2025-06-19 and allocated (dated 2025-06-20) on 2025-06-20. The tracker saw this range released from hold on 2025-06-15 (AS212347), so it appears to have been issued again from the RIPE NCC's pool.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: AS212347 available on 2025-06-19, allocated on 2025-06-20 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-19 (produced 2025-06-19T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: available source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-20 (produced 2025-06-20T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: allocated (dated 2025-06-20) source · retrieved
2025-06-20 RIPE NCC 2001:678:8f0::/48 + Registered Apparent reissuance of previously removed resource Strong inference
Statistics
2001:678:8f0::/48 available on 2025-06-19, assigned on 2025-06-20
Inventory
Likely issued from RIPE NCC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it available on 2025-06-19 and assigned (dated 2025-06-20) on 2025-06-20. The tracker saw this range removed from registration on 2024-12-17 (2001:678:8f0::/48), so it appears to have been issued again from the RIPE NCC's pool.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: 2001:678:8f0::/48 available on 2025-06-19, assigned on 2025-06-20 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-19 (produced 2025-06-19T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: available source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-20 (produced 2025-06-20T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: assigned (dated 2025-06-20) source · retrieved
2025-06-20 RIPE NCC 2a14:b200::/29 + Registered Apparent reissuance of previously removed resource Strong inference
Statistics
2a14:b200::/29 available on 2025-06-19, allocated on 2025-06-20
Inventory
Likely issued from RIPE NCC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it available on 2025-06-19 and allocated (dated 2025-06-20) on 2025-06-20. The tracker saw this range removed from registration on 2024-12-20 (2a14:b200::/29), so it appears to have been issued again from the RIPE NCC's pool.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: 2a14:b200::/29 available on 2025-06-19, allocated on 2025-06-20 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-19 (produced 2025-06-19T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: available source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-06-20 (produced 2025-06-20T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: allocated (dated 2025-06-20) source · retrieved