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RIPE NCC daily reports · ← 2025-05-01 · 2025-05-03 →

RIPE NCC: changes on 2025-05-02

Source

The RIPE NCC publishes no daily list of changes. These come from its transfer log and from comparing its daily statistics:

Before
2025-05-01
After
2025-05-02

Counts

Deregistered
2
Registered
14
Transfer log
5
Confirmed
5
Strong inference
16
Observed only
0
Conflicting
0

What happened

Apparent reissuance
14
Intra-RIPE NCC transfer
5
Removed
2

In the transfer log (5)

2025-05-02 RIPE NCC AS215413 Transfer log Intra-RIPE NCC transfer Confirmed
Transfer log
Transfer: Daniel Jackson (RIPE NCC) to PebbleHost Ltd (RIPE NCC)
From
Daniel Jackson RIPE NCC
To
PebbleHost Ltd RIPE NCC
Inventory
No effect on RIPE NCC applicant inventory

The RIPE NCC's transfer log records a transfer from Daniel Jackson (RIPE NCC) to PebbleHost Ltd (RIPE NCC) on 2025-05-02 19:00 UTC. The registration changed hands; it is not a new allocation from the RIPE NCC.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Transfer log Transfer log: RESOURCE_TRANSFER on 2025-05-02 19:00 UTC, Daniel Jackson (RIPE NCC) to PebbleHost Ltd (RIPE NCC); resources moved: AS215413 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-01 (produced 2025-05-01T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: allocated (dated 2024-02-27) source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-02 (produced 2025-05-02T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: allocated (dated 2024-02-27) source · retrieved
2025-05-02 RIPE NCC 103.75.68.0/22 Transfer log Intra-RIPE NCC transfer Confirmed
Transfer log
Transfer: Pecunia Consultancy B.V. in Liquidatie (RIPE NCC) to NexonHost SRL (RIPE NCC)
From
Pecunia Consultancy B.V. in Liquidatie RIPE NCC
To
NexonHost SRL RIPE NCC
Inventory
No effect on RIPE NCC applicant inventory

The RIPE NCC's transfer log records a transfer from Pecunia Consultancy B.V. in Liquidatie (RIPE NCC) to NexonHost SRL (RIPE NCC) on 2025-05-02 19:00 UTC. The registration changed hands; it is not a new allocation from the RIPE NCC.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Transfer log Transfer log: RESOURCE_TRANSFER on 2025-05-02 19:00 UTC, Pecunia Consultancy B.V. in Liquidatie (RIPE NCC) to NexonHost SRL (RIPE NCC); resources moved: 103.75.68.0/22 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-01 (produced 2025-05-01T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: allocated (dated 2016-09-16) source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-02 (produced 2025-05-02T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: allocated (dated 2016-09-16) source · retrieved
2025-05-02 RIPE NCC 185.54.2.0/23 Transfer log Intra-RIPE NCC transfer Confirmed
Transfer log
Transfer: Blend Telecom S.L. (RIPE NCC) to Layer3 for Wireless communication Mixed LLC (RIPE NCC)
From
Blend Telecom S.L. RIPE NCC
To
Layer3 for Wireless communication Mixed LLC RIPE NCC
Piece of
185.54.0.0/22: the rest of the block stayed with the seller
Inventory
No effect on RIPE NCC applicant inventory

The RIPE NCC's transfer log records a transfer from Blend Telecom S.L. (RIPE NCC) to Layer3 for Wireless communication Mixed LLC (RIPE NCC) on 2025-05-02 19:00 UTC. The registration changed hands; it is not a new allocation from the RIPE NCC.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Transfer log Transfer log: RESOURCE_TRANSFER on 2025-05-02 19:00 UTC, Blend Telecom S.L. (RIPE NCC) to Layer3 for Wireless communication Mixed LLC (RIPE NCC); resources moved: 185.54.2.0/23 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-01 (produced 2025-05-01T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: allocated (dated 2014-04-15) source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-02 (produced 2025-05-02T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: allocated (dated 2014-04-15) source · retrieved
2025-05-02 RIPE NCC 213.111.168.0/22 Transfer log Intra-RIPE NCC transfer Confirmed
Transfer log
Transfer: PP SKS-LUGAN (RIPE NCC) to VPLAB LTD (RIPE NCC)
From
PP SKS-LUGAN RIPE NCC
To
VPLAB LTD RIPE NCC
Piece of
213.111.128.0/18: the rest of the block stayed with the seller
Inventory
No effect on RIPE NCC applicant inventory

The RIPE NCC's transfer log records a transfer from PP SKS-LUGAN (RIPE NCC) to VPLAB LTD (RIPE NCC) on 2025-05-02 19:00 UTC. The registration changed hands; it is not a new allocation from the RIPE NCC.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Transfer log Transfer log: RESOURCE_TRANSFER on 2025-05-02 19:00 UTC, PP SKS-LUGAN (RIPE NCC) to VPLAB LTD (RIPE NCC); resources moved: 213.111.168.0/22 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-01 (produced 2025-05-01T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: assigned (dated 2010-02-26) source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-02 (produced 2025-05-02T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: assigned (dated 2010-02-26) source · retrieved
2025-05-02 RIPE NCC 213.111.172.0/22 Transfer log Intra-RIPE NCC transfer Confirmed
Transfer log
Transfer: PP SKS-LUGAN (RIPE NCC) to VPLAB LTD (RIPE NCC)
From
PP SKS-LUGAN RIPE NCC
To
VPLAB LTD RIPE NCC
Piece of
213.111.128.0/18: the rest of the block stayed with the seller
Inventory
No effect on RIPE NCC applicant inventory

The RIPE NCC's transfer log records a transfer from PP SKS-LUGAN (RIPE NCC) to VPLAB LTD (RIPE NCC) on 2025-05-02 19:00 UTC. The registration changed hands; it is not a new allocation from the RIPE NCC.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Transfer log Transfer log: RESOURCE_TRANSFER on 2025-05-02 19:00 UTC, PP SKS-LUGAN (RIPE NCC) to VPLAB LTD (RIPE NCC); resources moved: 213.111.172.0/22 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-01 (produced 2025-05-01T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: assigned (dated 2010-02-26) source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-02 (produced 2025-05-02T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: assigned (dated 2010-02-26) source · retrieved

Found in the RIPE NCC's statistics (16)

2025-05-02 RIPE NCC AS209806 − Deregistered Removed (return, revocation or reclamation not publicly distinguishable) Strong inference
Statistics
AS209806 allocated on 2025-05-01, reserved on 2025-05-02
Inventory
Possible future reissue candidate after hold
Hold estimate
Estimated hold end 2025-10-29. Possible reissue candidate after this date; not confirmed available.

Removed from active registration. The tracker found it by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it allocated (dated 2022-07-18) on 2025-05-01 and reserved on 2025-05-02. Public sources do not distinguish a voluntary return, revocation, or reclamation. The RIPE NCC holds returned, revoked and reclaimed ASNs for 180 days (six months), or longer while still routed, before reissuing them, so the estimated hold end is 2025-10-29. This does not confirm availability.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: AS209806 allocated on 2025-05-01, reserved on 2025-05-02 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-01 (produced 2025-05-01T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: allocated (dated 2022-07-18) source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-02 (produced 2025-05-02T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: reserved source · retrieved
2025-05-02 RIPE NCC AS213954 − Deregistered Removed (return, revocation or reclamation not publicly distinguishable) Strong inference
Statistics
AS213954 allocated on 2025-05-01, reserved on 2025-05-02
Inventory
Possible future reissue candidate after hold
Hold estimate
Estimated hold end 2025-10-29. Possible reissue candidate after this date; not confirmed available.

Removed from active registration. The tracker found it by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it allocated (dated 2024-10-25) on 2025-05-01 and reserved on 2025-05-02. Public sources do not distinguish a voluntary return, revocation, or reclamation. The RIPE NCC holds returned, revoked and reclaimed ASNs for 180 days (six months), or longer while still routed, before reissuing them, so the estimated hold end is 2025-10-29. This does not confirm availability.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: AS213954 allocated on 2025-05-01, reserved on 2025-05-02 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-01 (produced 2025-05-01T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: allocated (dated 2024-10-25) source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-02 (produced 2025-05-02T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: reserved source · retrieved
2025-05-02 RIPE NCC AS209263 + Registered Apparent reissuance of previously removed resource Strong inference
Statistics
AS209263 available on 2025-05-01, allocated on 2025-05-02
Inventory
Likely issued from RIPE NCC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it available on 2025-05-01 and allocated (dated 2025-05-02) on 2025-05-02. The tracker saw this range released from hold on 2025-04-29 (AS209263), so it appears to have been issued again from the RIPE NCC's pool.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: AS209263 available on 2025-05-01, allocated on 2025-05-02 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-01 (produced 2025-05-01T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: available source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-02 (produced 2025-05-02T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: allocated (dated 2025-05-02) source · retrieved
2025-05-02 RIPE NCC AS209274 + Registered Apparent reissuance of previously removed resource Strong inference
Statistics
AS209274 available on 2025-05-01, allocated on 2025-05-02
Inventory
Likely issued from RIPE NCC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it available on 2025-05-01 and allocated (dated 2025-05-02) on 2025-05-02. The tracker saw this range released from hold on 2024-05-04 (AS209274), so it appears to have been issued again from the RIPE NCC's pool.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: AS209274 available on 2025-05-01, allocated on 2025-05-02 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-01 (produced 2025-05-01T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: available source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-02 (produced 2025-05-02T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: allocated (dated 2025-05-02) source · retrieved
2025-05-02 RIPE NCC AS209280 + Registered Apparent reissuance of previously removed resource Strong inference
Statistics
AS209280 available on 2025-05-01, allocated on 2025-05-02
Inventory
Likely issued from RIPE NCC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it available on 2025-05-01 and allocated (dated 2025-05-02) on 2025-05-02. The tracker saw this range released from hold on 2024-08-06 (AS209280), so it appears to have been issued again from the RIPE NCC's pool.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: AS209280 available on 2025-05-01, allocated on 2025-05-02 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-01 (produced 2025-05-01T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: available source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-02 (produced 2025-05-02T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: allocated (dated 2025-05-02) source · retrieved
2025-05-02 RIPE NCC AS209290 + Registered Apparent reissuance of previously removed resource Strong inference
Statistics
AS209290 available on 2025-05-01, allocated on 2025-05-02
Inventory
Likely issued from RIPE NCC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it available on 2025-05-01 and allocated (dated 2025-05-02) on 2025-05-02. The tracker saw this range released from hold on 2024-02-03 (AS209290), so it appears to have been issued again from the RIPE NCC's pool.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: AS209290 available on 2025-05-01, allocated on 2025-05-02 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-01 (produced 2025-05-01T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: available source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-02 (produced 2025-05-02T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: allocated (dated 2025-05-02) source · retrieved
2025-05-02 RIPE NCC AS209298 + Registered Apparent reissuance of previously removed resource Strong inference
Statistics
AS209298 available on 2025-05-01, allocated on 2025-05-02
Inventory
Likely issued from RIPE NCC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it available on 2025-05-01 and allocated (dated 2025-05-02) on 2025-05-02. The tracker saw this range released from hold on 2023-09-04 (AS209298), so it appears to have been issued again from the RIPE NCC's pool.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: AS209298 available on 2025-05-01, allocated on 2025-05-02 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-01 (produced 2025-05-01T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: available source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-02 (produced 2025-05-02T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: allocated (dated 2025-05-02) source · retrieved
2025-05-02 RIPE NCC AS209309 + Registered Apparent reissuance of previously removed resource Strong inference
Statistics
AS209309 available on 2025-05-01, allocated on 2025-05-02
Inventory
Likely issued from RIPE NCC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it available on 2025-05-01 and allocated (dated 2025-05-02) on 2025-05-02. The tracker saw this range released from hold on 2024-11-17 (AS209309), so it appears to have been issued again from the RIPE NCC's pool.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: AS209309 available on 2025-05-01, allocated on 2025-05-02 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-01 (produced 2025-05-01T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: available source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-02 (produced 2025-05-02T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: allocated (dated 2025-05-02) source · retrieved
2025-05-02 RIPE NCC AS209321 + Registered Apparent reissuance of previously removed resource Strong inference
Statistics
AS209321 available on 2025-05-01, allocated on 2025-05-02
Inventory
Likely issued from RIPE NCC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it available on 2025-05-01 and allocated (dated 2025-05-02) on 2025-05-02. The tracker saw this range released from hold on 2024-01-09 (AS209321), so it appears to have been issued again from the RIPE NCC's pool.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: AS209321 available on 2025-05-01, allocated on 2025-05-02 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-01 (produced 2025-05-01T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: available source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-02 (produced 2025-05-02T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: allocated (dated 2025-05-02) source · retrieved
2025-05-02 RIPE NCC 217.65.68.0/24 + Registered Apparent reissuance of previously removed resource Strong inference
Statistics
217.65.68.0/24 available on 2025-05-01, allocated on 2025-05-02
Inventory
Likely issued from RIPE NCC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it available on 2025-05-01 and allocated (dated 2025-05-02) on 2025-05-02. The tracker saw this range released from hold on 2025-04-29 (217.65.64.0/20), so it appears to have been issued again from the RIPE NCC's pool.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: 217.65.68.0/24 available on 2025-05-01, allocated on 2025-05-02 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-01 (produced 2025-05-01T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: available source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-02 (produced 2025-05-02T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: allocated (dated 2025-05-02) source · retrieved
2025-05-02 RIPE NCC 2001:67c:e44::/48 + Registered Apparent reissuance of previously removed resource Strong inference
Statistics
2001:67c:e44::/48 available on 2025-05-01, assigned on 2025-05-02
Inventory
Likely issued from RIPE NCC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it available on 2025-05-01 and assigned (dated 2025-05-02) on 2025-05-02. The tracker saw this range removed from registration on 2024-10-31 (2001:67c:e44::/48), so it appears to have been issued again from the RIPE NCC's pool.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: 2001:67c:e44::/48 available on 2025-05-01, assigned on 2025-05-02 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-01 (produced 2025-05-01T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: available source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-02 (produced 2025-05-02T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: assigned (dated 2025-05-02) source · retrieved
2025-05-02 RIPE NCC 2001:67c:ea0::/48 + Registered Apparent reissuance of previously removed resource Strong inference
Statistics
2001:67c:ea0::/48 available on 2025-05-01, assigned on 2025-05-02
Inventory
Likely issued from RIPE NCC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it available on 2025-05-01 and assigned (dated 2025-05-02) on 2025-05-02. The tracker saw this range removed from registration on 2024-10-28 (2001:67c:ea0::/48), so it appears to have been issued again from the RIPE NCC's pool.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: 2001:67c:ea0::/48 available on 2025-05-01, assigned on 2025-05-02 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-01 (produced 2025-05-01T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: available source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-02 (produced 2025-05-02T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: assigned (dated 2025-05-02) source · retrieved
2025-05-02 RIPE NCC 2001:67c:ea4::/48 + Registered Apparent reissuance of previously removed resource Strong inference
Statistics
2001:67c:ea4::/48 available on 2025-05-01, assigned on 2025-05-02
Inventory
Likely issued from RIPE NCC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it available on 2025-05-01 and assigned (dated 2025-05-02) on 2025-05-02. The tracker saw this range removed from registration on 2024-10-28 (2001:67c:ea4::/48), so it appears to have been issued again from the RIPE NCC's pool.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: 2001:67c:ea4::/48 available on 2025-05-01, assigned on 2025-05-02 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-01 (produced 2025-05-01T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: available source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-02 (produced 2025-05-02T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: assigned (dated 2025-05-02) source · retrieved
2025-05-02 RIPE NCC 2001:67c:2754::/48 + Registered Apparent reissuance of previously removed resource Strong inference
Statistics
2001:67c:2754::/48 available on 2025-05-01, assigned on 2025-05-02
Inventory
Likely issued from RIPE NCC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it available on 2025-05-01 and assigned (dated 2025-05-02) on 2025-05-02. The tracker saw this range removed from registration on 2024-10-07 (2001:67c:2754::/48), so it appears to have been issued again from the RIPE NCC's pool.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: 2001:67c:2754::/48 available on 2025-05-01, assigned on 2025-05-02 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-01 (produced 2025-05-01T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: available source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-02 (produced 2025-05-02T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: assigned (dated 2025-05-02) source · retrieved
2025-05-02 RIPE NCC 2001:67c:2bbc::/48 + Registered Apparent reissuance of previously removed resource Strong inference
Statistics
2001:67c:2bbc::/48 available on 2025-05-01, assigned on 2025-05-02
Inventory
Likely issued from RIPE NCC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it available on 2025-05-01 and assigned (dated 2025-05-02) on 2025-05-02. The tracker saw this range removed from registration on 2024-10-16 (2001:67c:2bbc::/48), so it appears to have been issued again from the RIPE NCC's pool.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: 2001:67c:2bbc::/48 available on 2025-05-01, assigned on 2025-05-02 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-01 (produced 2025-05-01T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: available source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-02 (produced 2025-05-02T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: assigned (dated 2025-05-02) source · retrieved
2025-05-02 RIPE NCC 2a02:ef40::/29 + Registered Apparent reissuance of previously removed resource Strong inference
Statistics
2a02:ef40::/29 available on 2025-05-01, allocated on 2025-05-02
Inventory
Likely issued from RIPE NCC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. The RIPE NCC's statistics show it available on 2025-05-01 and allocated (dated 2025-05-02) on 2025-05-02. The tracker saw this range removed from registration on 2024-09-02 (2a02:ef40::/29), so it appears to have been issued again from the RIPE NCC's pool.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing the RIPE NCC's daily statistics: 2a02:ef40::/29 available on 2025-05-01, allocated on 2025-05-02 source · retrieved
  2. Before RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-01 (produced 2025-05-01T21:59:59+00:00), before the change: available source · retrieved
  3. After RIPE NCC delegated statistics 2025-05-02 (produced 2025-05-02T21:59:59+00:00), after the change: allocated (dated 2025-05-02) source · retrieved