rirtracker

APNIC daily reports · ← 2015-08-22 · 2015-08-25 →

APNIC: changes on 2015-08-24

Source

APNIC publishes no daily list of changes. These come from its transfer log and from comparing its daily statistics:

Before
2015-08-24
After
2015-08-25

Counts

Registered
22
Transfer log
4
Confirmed
4
Strong inference
22
Observed only
0
Conflicting
0

What happened

Apparent new issuance
21
Transfer into APNIC
4
Restored
1

In the transfer log (4)

2015-08-24 APNIC 72.35.252.0/23 Transfer log Inter-RIR transfer into APNIC Confirmed
Transfer log
Transfer: CERTI-10 (ARIN) to PCCW IMS Ltd (PCCW Business Internet Access) (APNIC)
From
CERTI-10 ARIN
To
PCCW IMS Ltd (PCCW Business Internet Access) APNIC
Same transfer
Also a change at ARIN, the sending registry: ARIN, 2015-08-24. Lists that cover every registry show it there.
Inventory
Transferred into APNIC administration; not a new issuance

APNIC's transfer log records a transfer from CERTI-10 (ARIN) to PCCW IMS Ltd (PCCW Business Internet Access) (APNIC) on 2015-08-24 04:00 UTC: it came to APNIC from ARIN. It was already issued by another registry, so this is not a new issuance.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Transfer log Transfer log: RESOURCE_TRANSFER on 2015-08-24 04:00 UTC, CERTI-10 (ARIN) to PCCW IMS Ltd (PCCW Business Internet Access) (APNIC); resources moved: 72.35.252.0/23 source · retrieved
  2. Before APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-24, before the change: not listed source · retrieved
  3. After APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-25, after the change: allocated (dated 2007-10-12) source · retrieved
2015-08-24 APNIC 40.72.0.0/15 Transfer log Inter-RIR transfer into APNIC Confirmed
Transfer log
Transfer: MOPL (ARIN) to Microsoft Singapore Pte. Ltd. (APNIC)
From
MOPL ARIN
To
Microsoft Singapore Pte. Ltd. APNIC
Same transfer
Also a change at ARIN, the sending registry: ARIN, 2015-08-24. Lists that cover every registry show it there.
Inventory
Transferred into APNIC administration; not a new issuance

APNIC's transfer log records a transfer from MOPL (ARIN) to Microsoft Singapore Pte. Ltd. (APNIC) on 2015-08-24 05:07 UTC: it came to APNIC from ARIN. It was already issued by another registry, so this is not a new issuance.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Transfer log Transfer log: RESOURCE_TRANSFER on 2015-08-24 05:07 UTC, MOPL (ARIN) to Microsoft Singapore Pte. Ltd. (APNIC); resources moved: 40.72.0.0/15, 40.125.128.0/17, 40.126.64.0/18 source · retrieved
  2. Before APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-24, before the change: not listed source · retrieved
  3. After APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-25, after the change: allocated (dated 2015-02-23) source · retrieved
2015-08-24 APNIC 40.125.128.0/17 Transfer log Inter-RIR transfer into APNIC Confirmed
Transfer log
Transfer: MOPL (ARIN) to Microsoft Singapore Pte. Ltd. (APNIC)
From
MOPL ARIN
To
Microsoft Singapore Pte. Ltd. APNIC
Same transfer
Also a change at ARIN, the sending registry: ARIN, 2015-08-24. Lists that cover every registry show it there.
Inventory
Transferred into APNIC administration; not a new issuance

APNIC's transfer log records a transfer from MOPL (ARIN) to Microsoft Singapore Pte. Ltd. (APNIC) on 2015-08-24 05:07 UTC: it came to APNIC from ARIN. It was already issued by another registry, so this is not a new issuance.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Transfer log Transfer log: RESOURCE_TRANSFER on 2015-08-24 05:07 UTC, MOPL (ARIN) to Microsoft Singapore Pte. Ltd. (APNIC); resources moved: 40.72.0.0/15, 40.125.128.0/17, 40.126.64.0/18 source · retrieved
  2. Before APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-24, before the change: not listed source · retrieved
  3. After APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-25, after the change: allocated (dated 2015-02-23) source · retrieved
2015-08-24 APNIC 40.126.64.0/18 Transfer log Inter-RIR transfer into APNIC Confirmed
Transfer log
Transfer: MOPL (ARIN) to Microsoft Singapore Pte. Ltd. (APNIC)
From
MOPL ARIN
To
Microsoft Singapore Pte. Ltd. APNIC
Same transfer
Also a change at ARIN, the sending registry: ARIN, 2015-08-24. Lists that cover every registry show it there.
Inventory
Transferred into APNIC administration; not a new issuance

APNIC's transfer log records a transfer from MOPL (ARIN) to Microsoft Singapore Pte. Ltd. (APNIC) on 2015-08-24 05:07 UTC: it came to APNIC from ARIN. It was already issued by another registry, so this is not a new issuance.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Transfer log Transfer log: RESOURCE_TRANSFER on 2015-08-24 05:07 UTC, MOPL (ARIN) to Microsoft Singapore Pte. Ltd. (APNIC); resources moved: 40.72.0.0/15, 40.125.128.0/17, 40.126.64.0/18 source · retrieved
  2. Before APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-24, before the change: not listed source · retrieved
  3. After APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-25, after the change: allocated (dated 2015-02-23) source · retrieved

Found in APNIC's statistics (22)

2015-08-24 APNIC AS24463 + Registered Restored to the same holder Strong inference
Statistics
AS24463 available on 2015-08-24, allocated on 2015-08-25
Inventory
No effect on APNIC applicant inventory

No transfer record matches. APNIC's statistics show it available on 2015-08-24 and allocated (dated 2005-05-30) on 2015-08-25. The tracker saw it removed from registration on 2015-08-07 (17 days earlier), and it is back with the same holder record it had before, so it went back to its previous holder rather than to a new one: most likely a suspension lifted, a reinstatement or a correction.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing APNIC's daily statistics: AS24463 available on 2015-08-24, allocated on 2015-08-25 source · retrieved
  2. Before APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-24, before the change: available source · retrieved
  3. After APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-25, after the change: allocated (dated 2005-05-30) source · retrieved
2015-08-24 APNIC AS64018 + Registered Apparent new issuance Strong inference
Statistics
AS64018 available on 2015-08-24, allocated on 2015-08-25
Inventory
Likely issued from APNIC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. APNIC's statistics show it available on 2015-08-24 and allocated (dated 2015-08-24) on 2015-08-25. It moved from APNIC's unissued pool to an active registration dated around that day, so it appears to be newly issued by APNIC.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing APNIC's daily statistics: AS64018 available on 2015-08-24, allocated on 2015-08-25 source · retrieved
  2. Before APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-24, before the change: available source · retrieved
  3. After APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-25, after the change: allocated (dated 2015-08-24) source · retrieved
2015-08-24 APNIC AS64019 + Registered Apparent new issuance Strong inference
Statistics
AS64019 available on 2015-08-24, allocated on 2015-08-25
Inventory
Likely issued from APNIC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. APNIC's statistics show it available on 2015-08-24 and allocated (dated 2015-08-24) on 2015-08-25. It moved from APNIC's unissued pool to an active registration dated around that day, so it appears to be newly issued by APNIC.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing APNIC's daily statistics: AS64019 available on 2015-08-24, allocated on 2015-08-25 source · retrieved
  2. Before APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-24, before the change: available source · retrieved
  3. After APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-25, after the change: allocated (dated 2015-08-24) source · retrieved
2015-08-24 APNIC AS134540 + Registered Apparent new issuance Strong inference
Statistics
AS134540 available on 2015-08-24, allocated on 2015-08-25
Inventory
Likely issued from APNIC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. APNIC's statistics show it available on 2015-08-24 and allocated (dated 2015-08-24) on 2015-08-25. It moved from APNIC's unissued pool to an active registration dated around that day, so it appears to be newly issued by APNIC.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing APNIC's daily statistics: AS134540 available on 2015-08-24, allocated on 2015-08-25 source · retrieved
  2. Before APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-24, before the change: available source · retrieved
  3. After APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-25, after the change: allocated (dated 2015-08-24) source · retrieved
2015-08-24 APNIC AS134541 + Registered Apparent new issuance Strong inference
Statistics
AS134541 available on 2015-08-24, allocated on 2015-08-25
Inventory
Likely issued from APNIC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. APNIC's statistics show it available on 2015-08-24 and allocated (dated 2015-08-24) on 2015-08-25. It moved from APNIC's unissued pool to an active registration dated around that day, so it appears to be newly issued by APNIC.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing APNIC's daily statistics: AS134541 available on 2015-08-24, allocated on 2015-08-25 source · retrieved
  2. Before APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-24, before the change: available source · retrieved
  3. After APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-25, after the change: allocated (dated 2015-08-24) source · retrieved
2015-08-24 APNIC 43.246.112.0/22 + Registered Apparent new issuance Strong inference
Statistics
43.246.112.0/22 reserved on 2015-08-24, allocated on 2015-08-25
Inventory
Likely issued from APNIC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. APNIC's statistics show it reserved on 2015-08-24 and allocated (dated 2015-08-24) on 2015-08-25. It moved from APNIC's unissued pool to an active registration dated around that day, so it appears to be newly issued by APNIC.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing APNIC's daily statistics: 43.246.112.0/22 reserved on 2015-08-24, allocated on 2015-08-25 source · retrieved
  2. Before APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-24, before the change: reserved source · retrieved
  3. After APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-25, after the change: allocated (dated 2015-08-24) source · retrieved
2015-08-24 APNIC 43.246.116.0/22 + Registered Apparent new issuance Strong inference
Statistics
43.246.116.0/22 reserved on 2015-08-24, allocated on 2015-08-25
Inventory
Likely issued from APNIC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. APNIC's statistics show it reserved on 2015-08-24 and allocated (dated 2015-08-24) on 2015-08-25. It moved from APNIC's unissued pool to an active registration dated around that day, so it appears to be newly issued by APNIC.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing APNIC's daily statistics: 43.246.116.0/22 reserved on 2015-08-24, allocated on 2015-08-25 source · retrieved
  2. Before APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-24, before the change: reserved source · retrieved
  3. After APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-25, after the change: allocated (dated 2015-08-24) source · retrieved
2015-08-24 APNIC 43.246.120.0/22 + Registered Apparent new issuance Strong inference
Statistics
43.246.120.0/22 reserved on 2015-08-24, assigned on 2015-08-25
Inventory
Likely issued from APNIC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. APNIC's statistics show it reserved on 2015-08-24 and assigned (dated 2015-08-24) on 2015-08-25. It moved from APNIC's unissued pool to an active registration dated around that day, so it appears to be newly issued by APNIC.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing APNIC's daily statistics: 43.246.120.0/22 reserved on 2015-08-24, assigned on 2015-08-25 source · retrieved
  2. Before APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-24, before the change: reserved source · retrieved
  3. After APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-25, after the change: assigned (dated 2015-08-24) source · retrieved
2015-08-24 APNIC 43.246.124.0/22 + Registered Apparent new issuance Strong inference
Statistics
43.246.124.0/22 reserved on 2015-08-24, assigned on 2015-08-25
Inventory
Likely issued from APNIC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. APNIC's statistics show it reserved on 2015-08-24 and assigned (dated 2015-08-24) on 2015-08-25. It moved from APNIC's unissued pool to an active registration dated around that day, so it appears to be newly issued by APNIC.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing APNIC's daily statistics: 43.246.124.0/22 reserved on 2015-08-24, assigned on 2015-08-25 source · retrieved
  2. Before APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-24, before the change: reserved source · retrieved
  3. After APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-25, after the change: assigned (dated 2015-08-24) source · retrieved
2015-08-24 APNIC 43.246.200.0/22 + Registered Apparent new issuance Strong inference
Statistics
43.246.200.0/22 available on 2015-08-24, allocated on 2015-08-25
Inventory
Likely issued from APNIC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. APNIC's statistics show it available on 2015-08-24 and allocated (dated 2015-08-24) on 2015-08-25. It moved from APNIC's unissued pool to an active registration dated around that day, so it appears to be newly issued by APNIC.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing APNIC's daily statistics: 43.246.200.0/22 available on 2015-08-24, allocated on 2015-08-25 source · retrieved
  2. Before APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-24, before the change: available source · retrieved
  3. After APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-25, after the change: allocated (dated 2015-08-24) source · retrieved
2015-08-24 APNIC 43.246.204.0/22 + Registered Apparent new issuance Strong inference
Statistics
43.246.204.0/22 available on 2015-08-24, allocated on 2015-08-25
Inventory
Likely issued from APNIC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. APNIC's statistics show it available on 2015-08-24 and allocated (dated 2015-08-24) on 2015-08-25. It moved from APNIC's unissued pool to an active registration dated around that day, so it appears to be newly issued by APNIC.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing APNIC's daily statistics: 43.246.204.0/22 available on 2015-08-24, allocated on 2015-08-25 source · retrieved
  2. Before APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-24, before the change: available source · retrieved
  3. After APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-25, after the change: allocated (dated 2015-08-24) source · retrieved
2015-08-24 APNIC 103.35.166.0/23 + Registered Apparent new issuance Strong inference
Statistics
103.35.166.0/23 available on 2015-08-24, allocated on 2015-08-25
Inventory
Likely issued from APNIC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. APNIC's statistics show it available on 2015-08-24 and allocated (dated 2015-08-24) on 2015-08-25. It moved from APNIC's unissued pool to an active registration dated around that day, so it appears to be newly issued by APNIC.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing APNIC's daily statistics: 103.35.166.0/23 available on 2015-08-24, allocated on 2015-08-25 source · retrieved
  2. Before APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-24, before the change: available source · retrieved
  3. After APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-25, after the change: allocated (dated 2015-08-24) source · retrieved
2015-08-24 APNIC 103.35.168.0/22 + Registered Apparent new issuance Strong inference
Statistics
103.35.168.0/22 available on 2015-08-24, allocated on 2015-08-25
Inventory
Likely issued from APNIC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. APNIC's statistics show it available on 2015-08-24 and allocated (dated 2015-08-24) on 2015-08-25. It moved from APNIC's unissued pool to an active registration dated around that day, so it appears to be newly issued by APNIC.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing APNIC's daily statistics: 103.35.168.0/22 available on 2015-08-24, allocated on 2015-08-25 source · retrieved
  2. Before APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-24, before the change: available source · retrieved
  3. After APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-25, after the change: allocated (dated 2015-08-24) source · retrieved
2015-08-24 APNIC 103.35.172.0/22 + Registered Apparent new issuance Strong inference
Statistics
103.35.172.0/22 available on 2015-08-24, allocated on 2015-08-25
Inventory
Likely issued from APNIC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. APNIC's statistics show it available on 2015-08-24 and allocated (dated 2015-08-24) on 2015-08-25. It moved from APNIC's unissued pool to an active registration dated around that day, so it appears to be newly issued by APNIC.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing APNIC's daily statistics: 103.35.172.0/22 available on 2015-08-24, allocated on 2015-08-25 source · retrieved
  2. Before APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-24, before the change: available source · retrieved
  3. After APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-25, after the change: allocated (dated 2015-08-24) source · retrieved
2015-08-24 APNIC 103.35.176.0/22 + Registered Apparent new issuance Strong inference
Statistics
103.35.176.0/22 available on 2015-08-24, allocated on 2015-08-25
Inventory
Likely issued from APNIC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. APNIC's statistics show it available on 2015-08-24 and allocated (dated 2015-08-24) on 2015-08-25. It moved from APNIC's unissued pool to an active registration dated around that day, so it appears to be newly issued by APNIC.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing APNIC's daily statistics: 103.35.176.0/22 available on 2015-08-24, allocated on 2015-08-25 source · retrieved
  2. Before APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-24, before the change: available source · retrieved
  3. After APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-25, after the change: allocated (dated 2015-08-24) source · retrieved
2015-08-24 APNIC 103.35.180.0/22 + Registered Apparent new issuance Strong inference
Statistics
103.35.180.0/22 available on 2015-08-24, allocated on 2015-08-25
Inventory
Likely issued from APNIC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. APNIC's statistics show it available on 2015-08-24 and allocated (dated 2015-08-24) on 2015-08-25. It moved from APNIC's unissued pool to an active registration dated around that day, so it appears to be newly issued by APNIC.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing APNIC's daily statistics: 103.35.180.0/22 available on 2015-08-24, allocated on 2015-08-25 source · retrieved
  2. Before APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-24, before the change: available source · retrieved
  3. After APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-25, after the change: allocated (dated 2015-08-24) source · retrieved
2015-08-24 APNIC 103.35.184.0/22 + Registered Apparent new issuance Strong inference
Statistics
103.35.184.0/22 available on 2015-08-24, allocated on 2015-08-25
Inventory
Likely issued from APNIC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. APNIC's statistics show it available on 2015-08-24 and allocated (dated 2015-08-24) on 2015-08-25. It moved from APNIC's unissued pool to an active registration dated around that day, so it appears to be newly issued by APNIC.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing APNIC's daily statistics: 103.35.184.0/22 available on 2015-08-24, allocated on 2015-08-25 source · retrieved
  2. Before APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-24, before the change: available source · retrieved
  3. After APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-25, after the change: allocated (dated 2015-08-24) source · retrieved
2015-08-24 APNIC 103.35.188.0/22 + Registered Apparent new issuance Strong inference
Statistics
103.35.188.0/22 available on 2015-08-24, allocated on 2015-08-25
Inventory
Likely issued from APNIC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. APNIC's statistics show it available on 2015-08-24 and allocated (dated 2015-08-24) on 2015-08-25. It moved from APNIC's unissued pool to an active registration dated around that day, so it appears to be newly issued by APNIC.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing APNIC's daily statistics: 103.35.188.0/22 available on 2015-08-24, allocated on 2015-08-25 source · retrieved
  2. Before APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-24, before the change: available source · retrieved
  3. After APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-25, after the change: allocated (dated 2015-08-24) source · retrieved
2015-08-24 APNIC 103.35.192.0/22 + Registered Apparent new issuance Strong inference
Statistics
103.35.192.0/22 available on 2015-08-24, assigned on 2015-08-25
Inventory
Likely issued from APNIC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. APNIC's statistics show it available on 2015-08-24 and assigned (dated 2015-08-24) on 2015-08-25. It moved from APNIC's unissued pool to an active registration dated around that day, so it appears to be newly issued by APNIC.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing APNIC's daily statistics: 103.35.192.0/22 available on 2015-08-24, assigned on 2015-08-25 source · retrieved
  2. Before APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-24, before the change: available source · retrieved
  3. After APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-25, after the change: assigned (dated 2015-08-24) source · retrieved
2015-08-24 APNIC 103.35.196.0/22 + Registered Apparent new issuance Strong inference
Statistics
103.35.196.0/22 available on 2015-08-24, assigned on 2015-08-25
Inventory
Likely issued from APNIC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. APNIC's statistics show it available on 2015-08-24 and assigned (dated 2015-08-24) on 2015-08-25. It moved from APNIC's unissued pool to an active registration dated around that day, so it appears to be newly issued by APNIC.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing APNIC's daily statistics: 103.35.196.0/22 available on 2015-08-24, assigned on 2015-08-25 source · retrieved
  2. Before APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-24, before the change: available source · retrieved
  3. After APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-25, after the change: assigned (dated 2015-08-24) source · retrieved
2015-08-24 APNIC 2001:df5:a400::/48 + Registered Apparent new issuance Strong inference
Statistics
2001:df5:a400::/48 available on 2015-08-24, assigned on 2015-08-25
Inventory
Likely issued from APNIC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. APNIC's statistics show it available on 2015-08-24 and assigned (dated 2015-08-24) on 2015-08-25. It moved from APNIC's unissued pool to an active registration dated around that day, so it appears to be newly issued by APNIC.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing APNIC's daily statistics: 2001:df5:a400::/48 available on 2015-08-24, assigned on 2015-08-25 source · retrieved
  2. Before APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-24, before the change: available source · retrieved
  3. After APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-25, after the change: assigned (dated 2015-08-24) source · retrieved
2015-08-24 APNIC 2402:cb80::/32 + Registered Apparent new issuance Strong inference
Statistics
2402:cb80::/32 available on 2015-08-24, allocated on 2015-08-25
Inventory
Likely issued from APNIC-controlled inventory

No transfer record matches. APNIC's statistics show it available on 2015-08-24 and allocated (dated 2015-08-24) on 2015-08-25. It moved from APNIC's unissued pool to an active registration dated around that day, so it appears to be newly issued by APNIC.

Evidence (3) · classifier 1.4.0,
  1. Statistics Found by comparing APNIC's daily statistics: 2402:cb80::/32 available on 2015-08-24, allocated on 2015-08-25 source · retrieved
  2. Before APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-24, before the change: available source · retrieved
  3. After APNIC delegated statistics 2015-08-25, after the change: allocated (dated 2015-08-24) source · retrieved